Brief Report

Expert Group Meeting on the Identification of Major Issues in Eradicating Poverty and
Fostering Rapid and Equitable Development in NAM Member Countries,

Jakarta, Indonesia, 24-26 April, 2001

PROCEEDINGS

 

Many developing countries are still facing problem in achieving a lasting improvement in the standard of living of the majority of their population. Whereas a few countries have successfully implemented some innovative projects with community involvement, there is a considerable scope for sharing and refining people driven development schemes for effectively addressing the needs of the economically disadvantage and socially deprived sections of the population in developing countries.

 

Efforts at strengthening and organizing poor communities can only be successful if the broader political economic framework facilities is the same. As such, self-help activities are influenced by macro policies and the decision making structures at the local, regional and national levels. In the events that these policies and structures work as constraints, they can be suitably addressed and ameliorated by the people driven development schemes. These constraints can be local, such as land ownership system, government administration, availability/accessibility to resources/tenure. Further at the regional and national levels, there are constraints relating to limited participation in macro planning and resource distribution.

 

At the national level, there are also constraints relating to legal deficiencies pertaining to poor and socially deprived groups. At the international level, there are constraints relating to unfavorable terms of trade for products, protectionism policies and/or scarcity of resources. Other constraints stem from illegal forms of organization related to drug trafficking and organized crime.

 

In addressing the poverty issues, merely promoting self-help groups would not be sufficient. It is of vital importance to organize the poor and socially deprived communities into associations, cooperatives and guilds for strengthening their bargaining power. Through this process, of organization, poor groups can be suitably empowered.

 

For expediting and strengthening the empowerment process, framework conditions should be conducive to generating and improving the chances and opportunities for self-help groups to come together and flourish. The identification, analysis and restructuring of existing framework conditions are, therefore, crucial to poverty alleviation.

 

The experts coming from different 7 sub-regions, which comprise of 26 countries of Latin American, African, and Asian regions, participated in the expert  group meeting on the identification of major issues in eradicating poverty and fostering rapid and equitable development has productively shared on their national situations and identified both common and specific issues.

There are 7 groups reflecting their major issues identified in their respective sub-regions, as follows:

 

GROUP 1

(Madagascar, Tanzania, Mozambique)

Members: Andriamitandrina, Anna Arestina Joel, Abilio Armando Gune

 

MAJOR ISSUES :

 

Structure Economic (Economic instability)

  • Pace and sector pattern of investment and growth 

  • Initial social and regional inequalities

  • Pace and patters of natural resources use and exploitation

  • Labor market structure and

  • Access to market and services

  • Globalization Challenges

 Demographic Patterns

  • Internal migration

  • High Dependency ratio

  • High mortality rates

Accessibility Failures

  • Natural capital (land, water etc)

  • Social capital

  • Human capital (Health, education)

  • Physical capital (infrastructure)

  • Financial capital (Credit Schemes)

Conflict

  • Political instability

  • Social Instability

Institutional Failure/Governance

  • Poor and in effective delivery of public goods and services

  • Corruption and Exploitation

  • Transparency (in Government, Donors)

Social Exclusion  

  • Limited access and very low quality services for the poor segments of the population

  • Gender and ethnic biases in the provision of services

  • No extent of mechanisms to maintain minimum social functioning of the poor

  • Rural and social biases against the poor/Economic isolation of the poor

  • Cultural and legal patterns

Cross-cutting Issues

  • HIV/AIDS

  • Natural Disasters

  • Environmental Issues

  • Gender division of labor and institutional bias

GROUP 2

(Ethiopia, Sudan, Tunisia)  
Members
: Kebede Haile, Zakaria Abdalla, Abderrazak Azaiz

 

MAJOR ISSUES:

  1. Conflict Resolution as a prerequisite for equitable and sustainable development.  

  2. Redistribution of income and wealth to enhance poor people capacity to earn income.

  3. HIV/AIDS task forces to address their adverse effects on social and economic development at regional and sub-regional levels.

  4. Strengthening data bases for proper statistical description of poverty profiles at the country and regional levels.

  5. Local perception of poverty should be reflected in poverty indexes.

  6. Establishment of coherent efficient coordinating mechanisms.

  7. Focus should be on local and communal participation in designing poverty alleviation programmes.

  8. Strong political will and commitment is needed to implement the above mentioned policy issues effectively which requires good governance, transparency and accountability.

GROUP 3

(Burkina Faso, Ghana, Jordan)  
Members: Isabelle Diallo, Angela Brown Farhat, Fayiz Suyyagh

 

MAJOR ISSUES:

Policy

1. Satisfaction of Basic Needs Physical/Social

  • Food/Nutrition

  • Clothing

  • Housing

  • Transport

  • Education

  • Health / HIV / TB

  • Water Resources

2. Stability (political, economic), Good Governance & Good Management

3. Local/Regional Conflict

 

Funding

  • Identification of funding sources (Government, Private sector/NGO, Donors)

  • Ensure consistency and compatibility of Policies objectives between Government & Donors

Program Concept and Design

  • Consistency of concepts & field practice

  • Ensure complimentary coordination & integration of the input/output of all activities to serve the same objective

Implementation/Organization/Operation

  • Synergies the funding/timing/achievement of all activities in an integrated manner

  • De-bureaucratize

  • Decentralize

  • Ensure linkages between sectors

  • Ensure efficient delivery to end-users (target groups)

Evaluation and Monitoring

  • Participation in monitoring/evaluation/assessment

  • Feedback results

 

Group 4

(South Africa, Zambia, Zimbabwe)  
Susan Parnell, Jonathan Chileshe, Muriel Mafico,

 

MAJOR ISSUES:

Key Issues

  • Challenges of globalization

  • Employment creation

  • HIV/AIDS

  • Food security through ensuring adequate access to productive assets/land

  • Urbanization of poverty

  Challenges of Globalization

  • There is need to address the areas of:

  • Trade regime

  • Trade barriers

  • Aid conditionality

  • Skills flight

HIV/AIDS

  • AIDS prevalence has had an adverse impact on the regions fragile economies and social fabric. 

  • The highest prevalence of HIV are found in Sub-Saharan Africa.

  • HIV/AIDS has had an adverse impact on economic performance.

Employment Creation

  • South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe have experience jobless growth.

  • Expanding opportunities for productive employment is a priority given the rise in unemployment in the region.

Food Insecurity
  • Food insecurity coupled with lack of access to land, water and other natural resources are the major challenges confronting the region.

Urbanization of Poverty

There has been a rapid influx of people from rural to urban areas.  The result of this influx is growing poverty in urban areas.

Prerequisites for Effective Poverty Reduction
  • Political will to reduce poverty.

  • Good governance is a prerequisite for human development and sustainable human development.

  • There is  need for structures and processes that can facilitate bottom-up development which is people driven.

 

Group 5

(Laos, Myanmar, Vietnam, Malaysia, Thailand, Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia)

Members: Singkham Khongsavanh, Myint Thein, Nguyen Thi Hien, Arif Abu Bakar, Nordin Normi, Chitti Chuenyong,, Kamilah Hanifah, Saedah Yussof, Jacobson, Firmansyah Kustiawan, A. Fanggidae

 

MAJOR ISSUES:

  1. National vision and mission to combat poverty.

  2. Commitment of leadership, political and social, at all levels, especially at the national level.

Regional Consultation Forum

  1. Reinforcing the enabling environment - capacity building administrative machinery for implementation, coordination and monitoring.

  • also at the local level

  • community participation enhancement

  1. Clear identification of target groups.

  2. Systematic and integrated approach.

  • policies, strategies, programmes

  1. Donor dependency syndrome.

 

Group 6

(Panama, Guatemala, Suriname)

Members: Rosa Elena Silvera, Vivian Mack, Soeratno Setroredjo

 

Statement I

The less income, more poverty. More poverty, the more unsatisfied basic needs. The more unsatisfied basic needs, less quality of life, less education and information on health, and more children. The less quality of life, less possibilities of a full citizenship. Less citizenship, less effective democracy.

 

Statement II

  1. Democracy - social participation.

  2. Education and basic social services.

  3. Economic productivity and competitiveness.

  4. Structural reform data collection, monitoring system, implementation system, international sectoral coordination, budgeting process.

  5. Social exclusion.

  • Access to productive assets, land.

  • Gender issue, children, indigenous, etc.

Need Information about:

  1. Solidarity fund.

  2. Program for Malaysia and Thailand.

  3. Indonesia.

   

Group7

(Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bangladesh, Uzbekistan)

Members: Prabha K. Gunawardena, Mohan Man Sainju, Ali Akbar, Marfua Tokhtakhodjaeva

 

MAJOR ISSUES:

  1. Harmonization of the measurement of poverty

A unique measurement system acceptable by the sub-region should be developed. This is felt necessary because at present poverty situation is measured by various institutions and nations in their own way which is confusing.

 

  1.  Implementation system has to be rationalized

SAARC countries have already pledged to give priority to eradicate poverty in their continues. This political will has to be put into implementation.

 

  1.  Social participation, mobilization development

This is critical for poverty alleviation. The people should feel that they are live actors in the development process of the country.

 

  1. Micro-credit

Micro-credit system is very important. It is an important entry point for the poor to have access to resources. Micro-credit can be used for the implementation of development programmes too. 

 

  1. Decentralization

Decentralization allows to local institutions, local resources and local leadership to take leadership and this will also facilitate grassroots level democracy to strengthen.

 

  1. Social exclusion

The social exclusion problem of the marginalized and  vulnerable groups within the society must be brought into the mainstream of development. They must be put then into equity consideration and provide income generation action.

 

  1. Health and education

Investment in social sector  and social capital is critical to alleviating  poverty. Hence education and health  as basic social services must be given high priority.

 

  1. Leader issue

About 51% of the population in the South Asian region are women. Gender equity issue must be given high priority in order to bring half of the population to the mainstream of development. Tradition against women exists in the region in varied degrees. This is gender discrimination   The countries should take steps to clear this situation, to get the women out of poverty in the region.

 

  1. Measures to facilitate providing increased access to the poor for productive assets and land, must be a policy concern for poverty alleviation.  

  2. Development scheme

Poverty alleviation process must be people centred and people driven.  Bottom-up process must be encouraged and articulated.

 

  1. Organization of poverty

Urban poverty is going to be a major problem in the region. As the region is growing towards organization process, urban poverty must be examined, analyzed and dealt with, with more seriousness if this problem is allowed to go. If not, it will lead to increase the number of street children, trafficking of girls, unemployment, etc.

 

  1. Good governance

In the form of better transparency, accountability and increased participation, will also help alleviation of corruption and accelerate poverty alleviation efforts. Making the law accessible to the poor is also necessary.

 

  1. Quality of human resources has to be improved, creation of job opportunities has to be looked into. More investments should be allocated for human development.  
     

  2. Challenges of globalization

Globalization has implications to the poor. The process of globalization must not be allowed to create obstacles to poverty alleviation. Instead it must be geared to help creation of new opportunities for poverty alleviation.

 

  1. Social harmonization

Almost every country in the sub-region, faces some civil disturbances in varying magnitude. This is a major obstacle in achieving social and economic growth in the region. Therefore the sub-region concerned feels that special measures should be taken to overcome the differences and have peace and harmony in the area in order to reduce or alleviate poverty.

 

  1. Special issues

The countries in the region requires financial assistance to implement the development programmes as well as improve the infrastructure. Since it is experienced that obtaining loans from the IMF and donor countries has become a problem there is a suggestion that a Poverty Fund should be established in the national, regional and international levels in the NAM Centre in order to facilitate and finance poverty alleviation initiatives.

 

Major issues as identified above will be critically elaborated into programme formulation through a joint meeting of experts and decision makers as its concrete follow-up in the nearest future.

 

 

LIST OF RESOURCE PERSONS AND PARTICIPANTS

 

Resource Persons:

  1. Angela Brown Farhat, Ms.
    Principal Analyst
    Ghana Poverty Reduction Strategy

    National Development Planning Commission
    Address  : P.O. Box CT633, Accra, Ghana  
    Telephone : +233 (21) 771-779
    Facsimile : +233 (21) 764-906

    E-mail  :
    abfarhat@hotmail.com / abfarhat@ghana.com
     

  2. Anna Arestina Joel Mwasha, Ms.
    Assistant/Acting Director

    Poverty Eradication Division
    Vice President’s Office
    Address : Vice President’s Office, P.O. Box 5380, Dar-es-Salaam,
    Tanzania
    Telephone : +255 (22) 215-1688/2465
    Facsimile : +255 (22) 215-2276/2298

    E-mail :
    self@afsat.com / asmwasha@hotmail.com
     

  3. Chitti Chuenyong, Mr.
    Senior Policy and Plan Analyst
    Rural Development Coordination Division
    National Economic and Social Development Board
    Address  : 962 Krung Road, Bangkok 10100, Thailand
    Telephone  : +66 (2) 282-4111
    Facsimile  : +66 (2) 280-1420/1421
    E-mail  : kasetchai-u@nesdb.go.th
     

  4. Fayiz H. Suyyagh, Mr.
    Director
    Social Productivity Program/ Restructuring National Aid Fund
    Ministry of Social Development
    Address : P.O. Box 141363, Amman 11810,
    Jordan
    Telephone : +962 (6) 567-6612

    Facsimile : +962 (6) 567-6612
    Mobile  : +962 79-552669
    E-mail : fsuyyagh@yahoo.com or fsuyyagh@excite.com  
     

  5. Jonathan Hannock Chileshe, Mr.
    Chairman
    National Economic Advisory Council (NEAC)
    Address : P/B E777, Lusaka, Zambia 10101    
    Telephone  : +260 (1) 221-928
    Facsimile   : +260 (1) 238-295
    E-mail : neac@zamnet.zm  
     

  6. Marfua Saidumarovna Tokhtakhodjaeva, Ms.
    Director
    Women’s Resource Centre
    Address  : 6 Abai Str., P.O. Box 7195, Tashkent 700011, Uzbekistan       
    Telephone  : +998 (712) 418-939/417-234
    Facsimile  : +998 (712) 418-939
    E-mail : atin@silk.org   
     

  7. Mohan Man Sainju, Mr.
    Executive Chairman
    Institute of Integrated Development Studies (IIDS)
    Address : P.O. Box 2254, Purano Baneshwor, Kathmandu, Nepal
    Telephone : +977 (1) 478-930/494-519
    Facsimile : +977 (1) 470-831 

    E-mail : iids@wlink.com.np  
     

  8. Mohd. Arif bin Abu Bakar, Mr.
    Deputy Secretary General (Economy)
    Ministry of Rural Development 
    Address : Block E, 2nd Floor, Kompleks Pejabat Kerajaan 
                      Jln. Dato’ Onn, Bukit Perdana, 50606 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia         

    Telephone : +60 (3) 206-9302  
    Facsimile  : +60 (3) 206-9192  

    E-mail        :
    mariff@kplb.gov.my / mariff_50@hotmail.com  
     

  9. Muriel Unondida Mafico, Ms.
    Coordinator
    Poverty Reduction Forum
    Address  : P.O. Box 880, Harare, Zimbabwe
    Telephone  : +263 (4) 870-978/307-900

    Facsimile : +263 (4) 333-345/333-345
    E-mail : mmafico@yahoo.com  
     

  10. Mustafa Zakeria Abdalla, Mr.
    Director
    Development Studies and Research Centre, University of Karthoum
    Address :  DSRC, Karthoum University, P.O. Box 321, Sudan
    Telephone : +249 (11) 774-029

    Facsimile  : +249 (11) 775-018
     
    E-mail : mzakeria2000@yahoo.com  
     

  11. Naivosoa Voninjaka Andriamitandrina, Mr.
    Deputy Director

    Department for the Development of the Church of Jesus Christ (SAF/FJKM) 
    Address  : B.P. 623 Immeuble IFANOMEZANTSOA 11, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar
    Telephone : +261 (20) 22-227-78  
    Facsimile : +261 (20) 22-270-33

    E-mail : saf@dts.mg 
      

  12. Nguyen Thi Hien, Ms.
    Senior Researcher of Development Policy
    Central Institute for Economic Management, Ministry of Planning & Investment  
    Address : 68 Phan Dinh  Phung, Hanoi, Vietnam           

    Telephone  : +84 (4) 804-4944
    Facsimile  : +84 (4) 845-6795/832-8812  
    E-mail : Bannn-CIEM@org.vn / letrang@netnam.org.vn  
     

  13. Prabha Kumarihamy Gunawardena, Ms.
    Additional Secretary
    Ministry of Women’s Affairs

    Address : 177, Nawala Road, Colombo 5, Sri Lanka  
    Telephone : +94 (1) 503-766  
    Facsimile : +94 (1) 591-294
    E-mail  : ____
     

  14. Rosa Elena de De La Cruz Silvera, Ms.
    Deputy Director
    Social Politics Office, Ministry of Economy and Finance  
    Address : Main Street, La Locería Bldg, Concordia A-14
    , Panamá City, Panamá                    
    Telephone  : +507 263-9633 
    Facsimile  : +507 269-5519 
    E-mail : rosa_elenad@hotmail.com
     
      

  15. Singkham Khongsavanh, Ms.
    Deputy Director General
     
    State Planning Committee
    , Department of Planning    
    Address : Lovanprabang Road
    , Vientiane,  Lao PDR                     
    Telephone  : +856 (21) 216-752 
    Facsimile   : +856 (21) 216-564 
    E-mail :
    -  
      

  16. Susan Parnell, Ms.
    Associate Professor
    Social Politics Office, Environmental & Geographical Sciences, University of Cape Town  
    Address : MPrivate Bag X, Rondebosch 7700, Cape Town, South Africa
                       
    Telephone  :
    +27 (21) 650-2873 
    Facsimile  :
    +27 (21) 650-3791 
    E-mail :
    parnell@enviro.uct.ac.za  
      
     

  17. Vivian Haydee Mack Chang, Ms.
    Gerente Unidad Technica  
    Secretaria de Planification y Programacion de la Presidencia, SEGEPLAN
     
    Address :
    9a. calle 10-44, zona 1, Ciudad de Guatemala                    
    Telephone  :
    +(502) 220-4468 
    Facsimile  :
    +502) 251-3922, Ext. 435
    E-mail :
    vmack@seeplan.gob.gt  
      

Participants:

 

1.

Abderrazak Azaiez, Mr.

Director  

United Nations and International Conference, Ministry of Foreign Affairs  

Address

Ministere des Affaires Etrangeres, Place du Governmente, 1005 Tunis, Republique du Tunisie

Telephone

+(216) 1-892-949

Facsimile

+(216) 1-285-644

E-mail

orga.dgoci@amilcar.tn   

   

2.

Abilio Armando Gune, Mr.

Head of Section for Macroeconomics Forecasting  

Ministry of Planning and Finance  

Address

Av. Ahmed Sekou Touré, No. 21, C.P. 1101, Maputo,  Mozambique

Telephone

+258 (1) 492-711/497-704

Facsimile

+258 (1) 497-663  

E-mail

dnpo@cfmnet.co.mz  

  

3.

Abraham Fanggidae, Mr.

Head of Sub-Directorate

Department of Health and Social Welfare  

Address

Jalan Salemba Raya No. 28,  Jakarta 10430, Indonesia

Telephone

+62 (21) 310-3591 Ext. 2318

Facsimile

E-mail

  abraham-fanggidae@yahoo.com  

  

4.

Ahmad Abousaeidi, Mr.

Second Counsellor

Embassy of the Islamic Republic of Iran

Address

110, Jl. H.O.S. Cokroaminoto, Menteng, Jakarta 10310, Indonesia

Telephone

+62 (22) 331-391 / 331-378

Facsimile

+62 (22) 310-7860  

E-mail

 - 

  

5.

Firmansyah Kustiawan, Mr.

Head Section for Africa & Latin America  

Sub. Directorate for TCDC, Directorate for Economic Cooperation among Developing Countries, Department of Foreign Affairs  

Address

Jalan Taman Pejambon No. 6, Jakarta , Indonesia

Telephone

+62 (21) 301-1083

Facsimile

+62 (21) 384-4867  

E-mail

  f_kustiawan@hotmail.com 

  

6.

Imron Cotan, Mr.

Head  

Bureau of International Studies, State Secretariat  

Address

Jalan Veteran No. 17, Jakarta , Indonesia

Telephone

+62 (21) 384-9951

Facsimile

+62 (21) 384-9951  

E-mail

  johndoe2154@yahoo.com  

  

7.

Isabelle Bukera Diallo, Ms.

Direction Générale  de l’Orientation Economique et de la Prospective

(DOEP)  

Address

01 BP 396 Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso

Telephone

+22 (6) 32-63-27/25-58-08  

Facsimile

+22 (6) 31-24-72  

E-mail

isabellediallo@hotmail.com  

  

8.

Jacobson, Mr.

Head, Sub-Directorate for TCDC

Directorate for Economic Cooperation among Developing Countries, Department of Foreign Affairs  

Address

Jalan Taman Pejambon No. 6, Jakarta, Indonesia

Telephone

+62 (21) 301-1083   

Facsimile

+62 (21) 384-4867  

E-mail

  

9.

Jean-Baptiste Kambire, Mr.

Counsellor

Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Address

03 BP 7038, Ouagadougou 03, Bukina Faso

Telephone

+22 (6) 31-73-62   

Facsimile

+22 (6) 30-87-92

E-mail

  

10.

Kamilah binti Hj. Mohd. Hanifah, Ms.

Lecturer

FBEPS, University of Brunei Darussalam  

Address

Gadong, BE 1410, Brunei Darussalam

Telephone

+673 (2) 380-122/249-001   

Facsimile

+673 (2) 382-846  

E-mail

kamilahhanifah@hotmail.com

  

11.

Katsuhiko Oshima, Mr.

Advisor, JICA Expert

C/o NAM CSSTC  

Address

Jalan Landasan Barat Kav. B-10, No. 6, Kota Baru Bandar Kemayoran, Jakarta 10610, Indonesia

Telephone

+62 (21) 654-5309 Ext. 1137   

Facsimile

+62 (21) 654-5325

E-mail

koshima@rad.net.id  

  

12.

Kebede Haile Abayneh, Mr.

Team Leader

Ministry of Economic Development & Cooperation, (MEDAC)  

Address

P.O. Box 1037, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia              

Telephone

+251 (1) 56-00-24  

Facsimile

+251 (1) 55-01-18  

E-mail

medac@telecom.net.id  

  

13.

Md. Ali Akbar, Mr.

Director

International Organizations Wing, Ministry of Foreign Affairs  

Address

Topkhana Road, Segumbagicha, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh    

Telephone

+88 (02) 861-9955  

Facsimile

+88 (02) 955-5283  

E-mail

dirio@mofabd.org  

  

14.

Myint Thein, Mr.

Vice President

Myanmar Academy of Agricultural, Forestry, Livestock and Fishery Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation Compound

Address

Thiri-mingalar Avenue, Off Kaba Aye Pagoda Road, Yankin T/S, Yangon, Myanmar        

Telephone

+95 (1) 651-416  

Facsimile

+95 (1) 663-984  

E-mail

dap.moai@mpt.mail.net.mm / kot@ranbaxy.co.in  

  

15.

Normi Nordin, Ms.

Principle Assistant Secretary

Ministry of Rural Development  

Address

Jln. Dato’ Onn 50606, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Telephone

+60 (3) 2612-3400  

Facsimile

+60 (3) 2069-9289  

E-mail

normi@kplb.gov.my  

  

16.

Saedah binti Hj. Mohd. Yussof, Ms.

Senior Training Officer

Institut Perkhidmatan Awam

Address

Kg. Rimba, Gadong, BSB, BE 3119, Brunei Darussalam

Telephone

+673(2) 452-223   

Facsimile

+663(2) 452-209/424-081  

E-mail

csi@brunet.bn

  

17.

Soeratno Setroredjo Mr.

Director

Ministry of Social Affairs and Housing

Address

Waterkant 30-32, Paramaribo, Suriname

Telephone

+___ (597) 474-746   

Facsimile

+___ (597) 470-516  

E-mail

  

17.

Sri Kusniati, Ms.

Director of the Social Welfare Assistance for the Poor Family

Department of Health and Social Welfare  

Address

Jalan Salemba Raya No. 28, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia

Telephone

+62 (21) 314-4323   

Facsimile

+62 (21) 310-3677   

E-mail

  

 

LIST OF PAPERS

 

No

Author

Country

Title

1

Chitti Chuenyong

Thailand

Poverty Situation in Thailand

2

Muriel Mafico

Zimbabwe

Poverty in Zimbabwe

3

Marfua Tokhtakhodjaeva

Uzbekistan

Strengthening Income Generating Opportunities for Rural Women in Uzbekistan

4

Mohan Man Sainju

Nepal

Nepal’s Poverty Situation and Reduction Efforts

5

P.K. Gunawardena

Sri Lanka

Re-structuring of the Samurdhi Subsidy Programme as an Effective Component in the Poverty Alleviation Process

6

P.K. Gunawardena

Sri Lanka

Rural Poverty Alleviation

7

Myint Thein

Myanmar

Major Issues in Eradicating Poverty and Fostering Rapid and Equitable Development

8

Susan Parnell

South Africa

Confronting the Segregation and Apartheid Legacies of Urban Poverty and Inequality

9

Angela Brown Farhat

Ghana

Identification of Major Issues in Eradicating Poverty and Fostering Rapid and Equitable Development: the Case of Ghana

10

Susan Parnell

South Africa

A Poverty Reduction Framework for Local Government in the Cape Metropolitan Area

11

Fayiz Suyyagh

Jordan

Poverty Management in Jordan: A Critical Assessment

12

Yakoubou Mahaman Sani

Niger

Poverty in Niger

13

Kebede Haile

Ethiopia

Poverty Reduction Strategy in Ethiopia

14

Jonathan H. Chileshe

Zambia

Facing the Challenge of Poverty: Zambia

15

Rosa Elena Silvera

Panama

Panamanian Experience in the Elaboration of Strategies to Reduce the Poverty

16

Singkham Khongsavanh

Laos

Some Issues in Poverty Eradication: the Case of the Lao P.D.R.

17

Nguyen Thi Hien

Vietnam

The Major Issues in Eradicating Poverty and Fostering Development in Vietnam

18

P.K. Gunawardena

Sri Lanka

Relevant Issues within the South Asian Region

19

Anna Arestina Joel

Tanzania

Country’s Poverty Situation: Policy and Actions

20

Ali Akbar

Bangladesh

Vital Sectors for Cooperation among NAM Countries to Combat Poverty with the Mission of Equitable Development

21

Arif Abu Bakar

Malaysia

Critical Success Factors for Poverty Eradication in Malaysia

22

Andriamitandrina

Madagascar

Presentation on Poverty in Madagascar

23

Vivian Mack

Guatemala

Poverty in Central America
-a quantitative approach-

24

Zakaria Abdalla

Sudan

Poverty Alleviation Policies in the Sudan (1990-2000)

25

Soeratno Setroredjo

Suriname

Country’s Poverty Situation Policy & Action

26

P.K. Gunawardena

Sri Lanka

National Situation of Sri Lanka

27

Abilio Gune

Mozambique

The Poverty Reduction Action Plan in Mozambique

28

Isabelle Diallo

Burkina Faso

Poverty Eradication Strategy Paper

29

Myint Thein

Myanmar

National Situation of the Poverty Eradication Programme in Myanmar

30

Soeratno Setroredjo

Suriname

A Strategy for Social Development & Poverty Eradication

31

Abderrazak Azaiez

Tunisia

Appeal for Establishing a World Solidarity Fund